Strong impact of temperature and resource specialisation on patterns of voltinism within an oak?associated insect community

Insect phenology consists of the timing life events, as well number generations (voltinism). While several studies have focused on impact climate seasonal or voltinism single species, we few insights into factors that shape patterns within ecological communities. Importantly, can a major population growth, species interactions, and rate evolution. We investigated relative importance spatial variation in temperature traits shaping an herbivore community feeding deciduous oaks across gradient Europe. Voltinism increased with temperature, where probability for to be univoltine decreased whereas strictly multivoltine temperature. The abundance first subsequent did not significantly change along gradient. Resource specialisation affected voltinism, oligophagous polyphagous were more likely than narrow species. Overwintering stage body size affect there was no evidence influenced relationship between voltinism. Our findings highlight associated oak trees. These temperature-induced shifts oak-associated may profound effects synchrony trophic levels, consequently food web structure outbreak dynamics.